microbiology, Vol 142, 277-288, Copyright © 1996 by Society for General Microbiology

ARTICLES

The gene cluster directing O-antigen biosynthesis in Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8: identification of the genes for mannose and galactose biosynthesis and the gene for the O-antigen polymerase

L Zhang, P Toivanen and M Skurnik
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Finland. Lzhang@finabo.abo.fi

The rfb gene cluster of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 (YeO8) strain 8081-c was cloned by cosmid cloning. Restriction mapping, deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis showed that about 19 kb of the cloned DNA is essential for the synthesis and expression of the YeO8 O-side-chain in Escherichia coli. Deletion analysis generated a derivative that expressed semi-rough LPS, a phenotype typical of an rfc mutant lacking the O-antigen polymerase. The deletions and transcomplementation experiments allowed localization of the rfc gene to the 3'-end of the rfb gene cluster. The deduced YeO8 Rfc did not share significant amino acid sequence similarity with any other protein, but its amino acid composition and hydrophobicity profile are similar to those of identified Rfc proteins. In addition, the codon usage of the rfc gene is similar to other rfc genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified three other genes upstream of rfc. Two of the gene products showed 60-70% identity to the RfbM and RfbK proteins that are biosynthetic enzymes for the GDPmannose pathway of enterobacteria. The third gene product was about 50-80% identical to the bacterial GalE protein, UDPglucose 4-epimerase, which catalyses the epimerization of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. Since mannose and galactose are both present in the YeO8 O-antigen repeat unit, the above three genes are likely to belong to the rfb gene cluster. A gene similar to the gsk gene downstream of rfc, and genes similar to adk and hemH upstream of the rfb gene cluster, were recognized. Thus the rfb gene cluster of YeO8 is located between the adk-hemH and gsk loci, and the order is adk-hemH-rfb-rfc-gsk in the chromosome. Also in other Yersinia spp., the locus downstream of the hemH gene is occupied by gene clusters associated with LPS biosynthesis.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. M. Cunneen and P. R. Reeves The Yersinia kristensenii O11 O-Antigen Gene Cluster was Acquired by Lateral Gene Transfer and Incorporated at a Novel Chromosomal Locus Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2007; 24(6): 1355 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Bernatchez, C. M. Szymanski, N. Ishiyama, J. Li, H. C. Jarrell, P. C. Lau, A. M. Berghuis, N. M. Young, and W. W. Wakarchuk A Single Bifunctional UDP-GlcNAc/Glc 4-Epimerase Supports the Synthesis of Three Cell Surface Glycoconjugates in Campylobacter jejuni J. Biol. Chem., February 11, 2005; 280(6): 4792 - 4802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Maki and R. Renkonen Biosynthesis of 6-deoxyhexose glycans in bacteria Glycobiology, March 1, 2004; 14(3): 1R - 15R. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Bengoechea, E. Pinta, T. Salminen, C. Oertelt, O. Holst, J. Radziejewska-Lebrecht, Z. Piotrowska-Seget, R. Venho, and M. Skurnik Functional Characterization of Gne (UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine- 4-Epimerase), Wzz (Chain Length Determinant), and Wzy (O-Antigen Polymerase) of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:8 J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2002; 184(15): 4277 - 4287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. W. Paton, R. Morona, and J. C. Paton Neutralization of Shiga Toxins Stx1, Stx2c, and Stx2e by Recombinant Bacteria Expressing Mimics of Globotriose and Globotetraose Infect. Immun., March 1, 2001; 69(3): 1967 - 1970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Albermann, J. Distler, and W. Piepersberg Preparative synthesis of GDP-{beta}-L-fucose by recombinant enzymes from enterobacterial sources Glycobiology, September 1, 2000; 10(9): 875 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. L. Zhang, C. T. Ong, and K. Y. Leung Molecular analysis of genetic differences between virulent and avirulent strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased fish Microbiology, April 1, 2000; 146(4): 999 - 1009. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. W. Paton and J. C. Paton Molecular Characterization of the Locus Encoding Biosynthesis of the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen of Escherichia coli Serotype O113 Infect. Immun., November 1, 1999; 67(11): 5930 - 5937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. K.-H. Wong, C. Morris, T. L. Lam, W. K. R. Wong, and J. Hackett Identification of O-antigen polymerase transcription and translation start signals and visualization of the protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Microbiology, September 1, 1999; 145(9): 2443 - 2451. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. J. Maurer, D. Schmidt, P. Petrosko, S. Sanchez, L. Bolton, and M. D. Lee Development of Primers to O-Antigen Biosynthesis Genes for Specific Detection of Escherichia coli O157 by PCR Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 1999; 65(7): 2954 - 2960. [Abstract] [Full Text]