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Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Unité de Recherche Associée no. 1481 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Université Louis Pasteur, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Laboratorium Algemene Biologie, Vlaams Instituut Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 St-Genesius Rode, Belgium.
5Author for correspondence: Jean-Marie Meyer. Tel. +33 88 24 41 50. Fax +33 88 35 84 84. e-mail: meyer@gem.u-strasbg.fr
ABSTRACT
Conjugational mobilization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 cosmid bank (in pMMB33) into a pyoverdine-deficient (pvd) mutant harbouring a mutation in the 47 min region of the chromosome yielded one clone which restored yellow-green pigmentation and fluorescence when grown on iron-deficient medium. The relevant pMMB33-derivative cosmid, pPYP17, contained a 15.1 kb insert which was subcloned into pKT240 as a 10.8 kb Sacl-Clal fragment conferring the same phenotype. This derivative, pPYP180, like pPYP17, also conferred an apparent wild-type phenotype on pvd mutants previously shown to map genetically in the 23 min region of the P. aeruginosa PAO chromosome. Physical mapping indicated that the cloned DNA fragment is located at the 66-70 min region of the PAO chromosome, demonstrating that the restored apparent wild-type phenotype observed for the transconjugants was not the result of a true gene complementation. A gene interruption was obtained by replacing a 0.6 kb Bglll-Bglll region of pPYP180 necessary for the expression of the pigmentation/fluorescence phenotype, by a Hgr interposon (
Hg). After conjugational transfer and introduction of the mutagenized fragment into the PAO1 chromosome by gene replacement, pyoverdine-deficient mutants were recovered, indicating that the fragment indeed contained at least one gene involved in pyoverdine synthesis. The yellow-green fluorescent compound produced by such cells harbouring plasmids pPYP17 or pPYP180 differed from pyoverdine in several aspects and was consequently named pseudoverdine. Although pseudoverdine was able to complex iron, it was unable to restore growth to pvd mutants in the presence of the iron chelator ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), or to mediate iron uptake into PAO1. Pseudoverdine lacked a peptide chain but possessed spectral properties similar to pyoverdine, suggesting that it was structurally related to the chromophore of the pyoverdine molecule. The recent structural determination of pseudoverdine as a coumarin derivative confirmed this view and sheds some light on the biosynthetic pathway of the pyoverdine chromophore.
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