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Microbiology 144 (1998), 467-477; DOI  10.1099/00221287-144-2-467
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Identification of the contiguous Paracoccus denitrificans ccmF and ccmH genes: disruption of ccmF, encoding a putative transporter, results in formation of an unstable apocytochrome c and deficiency in siderophore production

David A. Pearce1,{dagger}, M. Dudley Page1,2, Hilary A. C. Norris1, Esther J. Tomlinson1 and Stuart J. Ferguson1,2

Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
The Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences, New Chemistry Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK

ABSTRACT

Apocytochrome c550 was detected in the periplasm of a new mutant of Paracoccus denitrificans, HN48, that is pleiotropically lacking c type cytochromes, produces reduced levels of siderophores and carries a Tn5 insertion in the ccmF gene for which sequence data, along with that for the contiguous ccmH, are reported. A counterpart to the ccmF gene was found in an archaebacterium but could not be located in the yeast genome, whereas mitochondrial haem lyases in the latter were not present in an archaeobacterial or in eubacterial genomes. A topological analysis for CcmF is presented which indicates at least eleven transmembrane helices, suggesting a role as a transporter; evidence against the substrate being haem is presented but sequence similarity with Escherichia coli {gamma}-aminobutyric acid transporter was identified. Analysis by pulse-chase methodology has shown that, in this and another cytochrome-c-deficient mutant, the apo form of P. denitrificans cytochrome c550 is much less stable than the holo form, directly demonstrating the presence of a periplasmic degradation system in P. denitrificans that removes non-functional proteins. A variety of phenotypes are observed for P. denitrificans mutated in different ccm genes, thus indicating that the stability of the ccm gene products does not require assembly of a complex of all the Ccm proteins.

Stuart J. Ferguson. Tel: +44 1865 275240. Fax: +44 1865 275259. e-mail: ferguson@bioch.ox.ac.uk

Keywords: ccmF, periplasmic proteolysis, apocytochrome, c-type cytochrome biogenesis, Paracoccus denitrificans

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.




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