| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Physiology and Growth |
Laboratory for Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands1
Microbial Ingredients Section, NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands2
Author for correspondence: Tjakko Abee. Tel: +31 317 484981. Fax: +31 317 484893. e-mail: Tjakko.Abee{at}micro.fdsci.wau.nl
Low-temperature adaptation and cryoprotection were studied in the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis MG1363. An approximately 100-fold increased survival after freezing was observed when cells were shocked to 10 °C for 4 h compared to mid-exponential-phase cells grown at 30 °C, indicating an active protection against freezing. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis a group of 7 kDa cold-induced proteins (CSPs) was identified that corresponds to a previously described family of csp genes of L. lactis MG1363 (Wouters et al., 1998 , Microbiology 144, 2885–2893). The 7 kDa CSPs appeared to be the most strongly induced proteins upon cold shock to 10 °C. Northern blotting and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the csp genes were maximally expressed at 10 °C, while induction was lower at 20 and 4 °C. However, pre-incubation at 20 and 4 °C, as well as stationary-phase conditions, also induced cryoprotection (approx. 30-, 130- and 20-fold, respectively, compared to 30 °C mid-exponential phase). For all treatments leading to an increased freeze survival (exposure to 4, 10 and 20 °C and stationary-phase conditions), increased levels of three proteins (26, 43 and 45 kDa) were observed for which a role in cryoprotection might be suggested. Increased freeze survival coincides with increased CSP expression, except for stationary-phase conditions. However, the level of observed freeze protection does not directly correlate with the csp gene expression levels. In addition, for the first time specific overproduction of a CSP in relation to freeze survival was studied. This revealed that L. lactis cells overproducing CspD at 30 °C show a 2–10-fold increased survival after freezing compared to control cells. This indicates that the 7 kDa cold-shock protein CspD may enhance the survival capacity after freezing but that other factors supply additional cryoprotection.
Keywords: Lactococcus lactis, low-temperature adaptation, cryoprotection, cold-shock proteins
Abbreviations: 2D-EF, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; CSP, cold-shock protein; LAB, lactic acid bacteria
a Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. O'Driscoll, F. Glynn, G. F. Fitzgerald, and D. v. Sinderen Sequence Analysis of the Lactococcal Plasmid pNP40: a Mobile Replicon for Coping with Environmental Hazards. J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2006; 188(18): 6629 - 6639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Marceau, M. Zagorec, S. Chaillou, T. Mera, and M.-C. Champomier-Verges Evidence for Involvement of at Least Six Proteins in Adaptation of Lactobacillus sakei to Cold Temperatures and Addition of NaCl Appl. Envir. Microbiol., December 1, 2004; 70(12): 7260 - 7268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. De Angelis, R. Di Cagno, C. Huet, C. Crecchio, P. F. Fox, and M. Gobbetti Heat Shock Response in Lactobacillus plantarum Appl. Envir. Microbiol., March 1, 2004; 70(3): 1336 - 1346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Derzelle, B. Hallet, T. Ferain, J. Delcour, and P. Hols Improved Adaptation to Cold-Shock, Stationary-Phase, and Freezing Stresses in Lactobacillus plantarum Overproducing Cold-Shock Proteins Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2003; 69(7): 4285 - 4290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Periago, W. van Schaik, T. Abee, and J. A. Wouters Identification of Proteins Involved in the Heat Stress Response of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2002; 68(7): 3486 - 3495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. H. Wemekamp-Kamphuis, A. K. Karatzas, J. A. Wouters, and T. Abee Enhanced Levels of Cold Shock Proteins in Listeria monocytogenes LO28 upon Exposure to Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2002; 68(2): 456 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Wouters, H. Frenkiel, W. M. de Vos, O. P. Kuipers, and T. Abee Cold Shock Proteins of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 Are Involved in Cryoprotection and in the Production of Cold-Induced Proteins Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 2001; 67(11): 5171 - 5178. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Derzelle, B. Hallet, K. P. Francis, T. Ferain, J. Delcour, and P. Hols Changes in cspL, cspP, and cspC mRNA Abundance as a Function of Cold Shock and Growth Phase in Lactobacillus plantarum J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2000; 182(18): 5105 - 5113. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Wouters, H. H. Kamphuis, J. Hugenholtz, O. P. Kuipers, W. M. de Vos, and T. Abee Changes in Glycolytic Activity of Lactococcus lactis Induced by Low Temperature Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2000; 66(9): 3686 - 3691. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Wouters, M. Mailhes, F. M. Rombouts, W. M. de Vos, O. P. Kuipers, and T. Abee Physiological and Regulatory Effects of Controlled Overproduction of Five Cold Shock Proteins of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2000; 66(9): 3756 - 3763. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
