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Genomic and antigenic differences between the European and African/Australian clusters of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC

Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland¹
Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica 701, 1500 Lisbon, Portugal²

Author for correspondence: Joachim Frey. Tel: +41 31 631 2484. Fax: +41 31 631 2634. e-mail: jfrey{at}vbi.unibe.ch

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type (SC), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), can be grouped into two major, epidemiologically distinct, clusters. One cluster contains strains isolated from different European countries since 1980 and a second cluster contains African and Australian strains collected over the last 50 years. Genetic analysis of representative strains from the two clusters revealed a genomic segment of 8·84 kb, located close to a copy of IS1296, which is present in all strains of the African cluster but lacking in all strains of the European cluster. This segment contains a copy of IS1634, a gene for a potential lipoprotein, lppB, open reading frames encoding a putative surface-located membrane protein and a hypothetical proline-rich membrane protein, and two open reading frames showing similarity to putative ABC transporters. The product of the lppB gene, lipoprotein B (LppB), has an apparent molecular mass of 70 kDa and was shown to be surface located. It is detected with monospecific antibodies in all strains of the African cluster tested, but not in European-cluster strains. DNA sequence analysis of the splicing site at which European strains differ from African-cluster strains by the lack of the 8·84 kb segment showed that the European cluster has arisen by deletion from a strain of the African cluster. Hence, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strains isolated in different European countries from the newly reemerging outbreaks of CBPP, which occurred after the eradication of the epizootic in Europe in the middle of the 20th century, represent a phylogenetically newer cluster that has been derived from a strain of the older cluster of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC which is still endemic on the African continent.

Keywords: contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, virulence, epidemiology, lipoprotein, genomic deletion

Abbreviations: ABC, ATP-binding cassette; CBPP, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; DIG, digoxigenin; SC, small-colony type

The GenBank accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences determined in this work are: AF165134 for the 3·4 kb HindIII fragment from M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strain L2; AF165135 for the analogous locus in strain Afadé (containing lppB and IS1634); and AF1651136 for the DNA segment containing lppB[MmymyLC] and ORF6[MmymyLC] from M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC strain Y-goat.

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