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Plant-Microbe Interactions |
Department of Plant Sciences1, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry2, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Author for correspondence: Gary A. Strobel. Tel: +1 406 994 5148. Fax: +1 406 994 7600. e-mail: uplgs{at}montana.edu
Muscodor albus is a recently described endophytic fungus obtained from small limbs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon tree). This xylariaceaous fungus effectively inhibits and kills certain other fungi, and bacteria, by virtue of a mixture of volatile compounds that it produces. The majority of these compounds were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and then made into an artificial mixture that mimicked the antibiotic effects of the mixture of volatile compounds given off by the fungus. Each of the five classes of volatile compounds produced by the fungus (alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and lipids) had some inhibitory effect against the test fungi and bacteria, but none was lethal. However, collectively they acted synergistically to kill a broad range of plant- and human-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The most effective class of inhibitory compounds was the esters, of which 1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate was the most active biologically. This report describes the ecological implications and potential practical benefits of the ‘mycofumigation’ effects of M. albus.
Keywords: endophyte, organic volatiles, pathogens, esters, aldehydes
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  G. A. Strobel, B. Knighton, K. Kluck, Y. Ren, T. Livinghouse, M. Griffin, D. Spakowicz, and J. Sears The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072) Microbiology, November 1, 2008; 154(11): 3319 - 3328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. A. Strobel, K. Kluck, W. M. Hess, J. Sears, D. Ezra, and P. N. Vargas Muscodor albus E-6, an endophyte of Guazuma ulmifolia making volatile antibiotics: isolation, characterization and experimental establishment in the host plant Microbiology, August 1, 2007; 153(8): 2613 - 2620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. P Schiestl, F. Steinebrunner, C. Schulz, S. von Reuss, W. Francke, C. Weymuth, and A. Leuchtmann Evolution of 'pollinator'- attracting signals in fungi Biol Lett, September 22, 2006; 2(3): 401 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Ezra, W. M. Hess, and G. A. Strobel New endophytic isolates of Muscodor albus, a volatile-antibiotic-producing fungus Microbiology, December 1, 2004; 150(12): 4023 - 4031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Strobel and B. Daisy Bioprospecting for Microbial Endophytes and Their Natural Products Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2003; 67(4): 491 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. C. Davis, J. B. Franklin, A. J. Shaw, and R. Vilgalys Endophytic Xylaria (Xylariaceae) among liverworts and angiosperms: phylogenetics, distribution, and symbiosis Am. J. Botany, November 1, 2003; 90(11): 1661 - 1667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. H. Daisy, G. A. Strobel, U. Castillo, D. Ezra, J. Sears, D. K. Weaver, and J. B. Runyon Naphthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodor vitigenus, a novel endophytic fungus Microbiology, November 1, 2002; 148(11): 3737 - 3741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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