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Microbiology (2001), 147, 631-642.
© 2001 Society for General Microbiology

Genetics and Molecular Biology

A multifunctional polyketide–peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in Xanthomonas albilineans

Guozhong Huang1, Lianhui Zhang1,2 and Robert G. Birch1

Department of Botany, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia1
Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, The National University of Singapore, Singapore1176042

Author for correspondence: Robert G. Birch. Tel: +61 7 33653347. Fax: +61 7 33651699. e-mail: r.birch{at}botany.uq.edu.au

Albicidins, a family of potent antibiotics and phytotoxins produced by the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans, inhibit DNA replication in bacteria and plastids. A gene located by Tn5-tagging was confirmed by complementation to participate in albicidin biosynthesis. The gene (xabB) encodes a large protein (predicted Mr 525695), with a modular architecture indicative of a multifunctional polyketide synthase (PKS) linked to a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). At 4801 amino acids in length, XabB is the largest reported PKS–NRPS. Twelve catalytic domains in this multifunctional enzyme are arranged in the order N terminus–acyl-CoA ligase (AL)–acyl carrier protein (ACP)–ß-ketoacyl synthase (KS)–ß-ketoacyl reductase (KR)–ACP–ACP–KS–peptidyl carrier protein (PCP)–condensation (C)–adenylation–PCP–C. The modular architecture of XabB indicates likely steps in albicidin biosynthesis and approaches to enhance antibiotic yield. The novel pattern of domains, in comparison with known PKS–NRPS enzymes for antibiotic production, also contributes to the knowledge base for rational design of enzymes producing novel antibiotics.

Keywords: leaf scald phytotoxin, nonribosomal peptide synthetase, polyketide synthase

Abbreviations: A, adenylation; ACP, acyl carrier protein; AL, acyl-CoA ligase; AMT, aminotransferase; AT, acyltransferase; C, condensation; Cy, cyclization; DH, dehydratase; KR, ß-ketoacyl reductase; KS, ß-ketoacyl synthase; MT, methyltransferase; NRPS, nonribosomal peptide synthetase; PCP, peptidyl carrier protein; PKS, polyketide synthase; TE, thioesterase

The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF239749.




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