Microbiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Microbiology 147 (2001), 709-715
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Castanie-Cornet, M.-P.
Right arrow Articles by Foster, J. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Castanie-Cornet, M.-P.
Right arrow Articles by Foster, J. W.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Castanie-Cornet, M.-P.
Right arrow Articles by Foster, J. W.
Microbiology (2001), 147, 709-715.
© 2001 Society for General Microbiology

Physiology and Growth

Escherichia coli acid resistance: cAMP receptor protein and a 20 bp cis-acting sequence control pH and stationary phase expression of the gadA and gadBC glutamate decarboxylase genes

Marie-Pierre Castanie-Corneta,1 and John W. Foster1

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA1

Author for correspondence: John W. Foster. Tel: +1 334 460 6323. Fax: +1 334 460 7931. e-mail: fosterj{at}sungcg.usouthal.edu

Acid resistance is an important feature of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. It enables survival in the acidic regions of mammalian gastrointestinal tracts and is largely responsible for the small number of bacteria required for infection/colonization. Three systems of acid resistance have been identified, the most efficient of which requires glutamic acid during pH 2 acid challenge. Three proteins associated with glutamate-dependent acid resistance have been identified. They are glutamate decarboxylase (encompassing two isozymes encoded by gadA and gadB) and a putative glutamate:{gamma}-amino butyric acid antiporter (encoded by gadC). The results confirm that the GadA and GadB proteins increase in response to stationary phase and low environmental pH. The levels of these proteins correspond to concomitant changes in gadA and gadBC mRNA levels. Fusions between lacZ and the gadA and gadBC operons indicate that this control occurs at the transcriptional level. Western blot, Northern blot and fusion analyses reveal that regulation of these genes is complex. Expression in rich media is restricted to stationary phase. However, in minimal media, acid pH alone can trigger induction in exponential or stationary phase cells. Despite this differential control, there is only one transcriptional start site for each gene. Expression in rich media is largely dependent on the alternate sigma factor {sigma}S and is repressed by the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). In contrast, {sigma}S has only a minor role in gad transcription in cells grown in minimal media. Deletions of the regulatory region upstream of gadA provided evidence that a 20 bp conserved region located 50 bp from the transcriptional start of both operons is required for expression.

Keywords: acid resistance, glutamate decarboxylase, pH control, Escherichia coli, rpoS

Abbreviations: CRP, cAMP receptor protein

a Present address: Laboratoire d’Ingéniérie et Dynamique des Systèmes Membranaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
B. K. M. Dass, R. Sharma, A. R. Shenoy, R. Mattoo, and S. S. Visweswariah
Cyclic AMP in Mycobacteria: Characterization and Functional Role of the Rv1647 Ortholog in Mycobacterium smegmatis
J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2008; 190(11): 3824 - 3834.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
T. M. Bergholz, C. L. Tarr, L. M. Christensen, D. J. Betting, and T. S. Whittam
Recent Gene Conversions between Duplicated Glutamate Decarboxylase Genes (gadA and gadB) in Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Mol. Biol. Evol., October 1, 2007; 24(10): 2323 - 2333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
H. Richard and J. W. Foster
Sodium regulates Escherichia coli acid resistance, and influences GadX- and GadW-dependent activation of gadE
Microbiology, September 1, 2007; 153(9): 3154 - 3161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
A. V. Jennison and N. K. Verma
The acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T
Microbiology, August 1, 2007; 153(8): 2593 - 2602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
P. L. Moreau
The Lysine Decarboxylase CadA Protects Escherichia coli Starved of Phosphate against Fermentation Acids
J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2007; 189(6): 2249 - 2261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
M.-P. Castanie-Cornet, H. Treffandier, A. Francez-Charlot, C. Gutierrez, and K. Cam
The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system in Escherichia coli: essential and dual role of the His-Asp phosphorelay RcsCDB/AF
Microbiology, January 1, 2007; 153(1): 238 - 246.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
J. Kieboom and T. Abee
Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.
J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2006; 188(15): 5650 - 5653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
A. A. Bhagwat, J. Tan, M. Sharma, M. Kothary, S. Low, B. D. Tall, and M. Bhagwat
Functional Heterogeneity of RpoS in Stress Tolerance of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strains.
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2006; 72(7): 4978 - 4986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PhysiologyHome page
G. Sachs, D. L. Weeks, Y. Wen, E. A. Marcus, D. R. Scott, and K. Melchers
Acid Acclimation by Helicobacter pylori
Physiology, December 1, 2005; 20(6): 429 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
N. Stewart, J. Feng, X. Liu, D. Chaudhuri, J. W. Foster, M. Drolet, and Y.-C. Tse-Dinh
Loss of topoisomerase I function affects the RpoS-dependent and GAD systems of acid resistance in Escherichia coli
Microbiology, August 1, 2005; 151(8): 2783 - 2791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
L. M. Maurer, E. Yohannes, S. S. Bondurant, M. Radmacher, and J. L. Slonczewski
pH Regulates Genes for Flagellar Motility, Catabolism, and Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli K-12
J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2005; 187(1): 304 - 319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
T. Shimada, H. Makinoshima, Y. Ogawa, T. Miki, M. Maeda, and A. Ishihama
Classification and Strength Measurement of Stationary-Phase Promoters by Use of a Newly Developed Promoter Cloning Vector
J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2004; 186(21): 7112 - 7122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Z. Ma, N. Masuda, and J. W. Foster
Characterization of EvgAS-YdeO-GadE Branched Regulatory Circuit Governing Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2004; 186(21): 7378 - 7389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
H. Richard and J. W. Foster
Escherichia coli Glutamate- and Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance Systems Increase Internal pH and Reverse Transmembrane Potential
J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2004; 186(18): 6032 - 6041.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
A.-M. Jydegaard-Axelsen, P. E. Hoiby, K. Holmstrom, N. Russell, and S. Knochel
CO2- and Anaerobiosis-Induced Changes in Physiology and Gene Expression of Different Listeria monocytogenes Strains
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2004; 70(7): 4111 - 4117.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. Derouaux, S. Halici, H. Nothaft, T. Neutelings, G. Moutzourelis, J. Dusart, F. Titgemeyer, and S. Rigali
Deletion of a Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Homologue Diminishes Germination and Affects Morphological Development of Streptomyces coelicolor
J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2004; 186(6): 1893 - 1897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. J. R. Arends and D. S. Weiss
Inhibiting Cell Division in Escherichia coli Has Little If Any Effect on Gene Expression
J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2004; 186(3): 880 - 884.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
E. Yohannes, D. M. Barnhart, and J. L. Slonczewski
pH-Dependent Catabolic Protein Expression during Anaerobic Growth of Escherichia coli K-12
J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2004; 186(1): 192 - 199.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
F. Hommais, E. Krin, J.-Y. Coppee, C. Lacroix, E. Yeramian, A. Danchin, and P. Bertin
GadE (YhiE): a novel activator involved in the response to acid environment in Escherichia coli
Microbiology, January 1, 2004; 150(1): 61 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Z. Ma, H. Richard, and J. W. Foster
pH-Dependent Modulation of Cyclic AMP Levels and GadW-Dependent Repression of RpoS Affect Synthesis of the GadX Regulator and Escherichia coli Acid Resistance
J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2003; 185(23): 6852 - 6859.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
R. Iyer, C. Williams, and C. Miller
Arginine-Agmatine Antiporter in Extreme Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., November 15, 2003; 185(22): 6556 - 6561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. Gong, H. Richard, and J. W. Foster
YjdE (AdiC) Is the Arginine:Agmatine Antiporter Essential for Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2003; 185(15): 4402 - 4409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. R. Waterman and P. L. C. Small
Transcriptional Expression of Escherichia coli Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance Genes gadA and gadBC in an hns rpoS Mutant
J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2003; 185(15): 4644 - 4647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
I. L. Jung and I. G. Kim
Polyamines and Glutamate Decarboxylase-based Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem., June 13, 2003; 278(25): 22846 - 22852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
E. Krin, C. Laurent-Winter, P. N. Bertin, A. Danchin, and A. Kolb
Transcription Regulation Coupling of the Divergent argG and metY Promoters in Escherichia coli K-12
J. Bacteriol., May 15, 2003; 185(10): 3139 - 3146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
D. L. Tucker, N. Tucker, Z. Ma, J. W. Foster, R. L. Miranda, P. S. Cohen, and T. Conway
Genes of the GadX-GadW Regulon in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., May 15, 2003; 185(10): 3190 - 3201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Z. Ma, H. Richard, D. L. Tucker, T. Conway, and J. W. Foster
Collaborative Regulation of Escherichia coli Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance by Two AraC-Like Regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW)
J. Bacteriol., December 15, 2002; 184(24): 7001 - 7012.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
D. L. Tucker, N. Tucker, and T. Conway
Gene Expression Profiling of the pH Response in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2002; 184(23): 6551 - 6558.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
L. M. Stancik, D. M. Stancik, B. Schmidt, D. M. Barnhart, Y. N. Yoncheva, and J. L. Slonczewski
pH-Dependent Expression of Periplasmic Proteins and Amino Acid Catabolism in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2002; 184(15): 4246 - 4258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
N. Connil, Y. Le Breton, X. Dousset, Y. Auffray, A. Rince, and H. Prevost
Identification of the Enterococcus faecalis Tyrosine Decarboxylase Operon Involved in Tyramine Production
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2002; 68(7): 3537 - 3544.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
K. Abe, F. Ohnishi, K. Yagi, T. Nakajima, T. Higuchi, M. Sano, M. Machida, R. I. Sarker, and P. C. Maloney
Plasmid-Encoded asp Operon Confers a Proton Motive Metabolic Cycle Catalyzed by an Aspartate-Alanine Exchange Reaction
J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2002; 184(11): 2906 - 2913.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. Tramonti, P. Visca, M. De Canio, M. Falconi, and D. De Biase
Functional Characterization and Regulation of gadX, a Gene Encoding an AraC/XylS-Like Transcriptional Activator of the Escherichia coli Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase System
J. Bacteriol., May 15, 2002; 184(10): 2603 - 2613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL MICROBIOLOGY J GEN VIROL
J MED MICROBIOL ALL SGM JOURNALS
Copyright © 2001 Society for General Microbiology.