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Eubacterial arylamine N-acetyltransferases – identification and comparison of 18 members of the protein family with conserved active site cysteine, histidine and aspartate residues

Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK¹
Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA²
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK³
The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK⁴

Author for correspondence: Edith Sim. Tel: +44 1865 271596. Fax: +44 1865 271853. e-mail: esim{at}molbiol.ox.ac.uk

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are enzymes involved in the detoxification of a range of arylamine and hydrazine-based xenobiotics. NATs have been implicated in the endogenous metabolism of p-aminobenzoyl glutamate in eukaryotes, although very little is known about the distribution and function of NAT in the prokaryotic kingdom. Using DNA library screening techniques and the analysis of data from whole-genome sequencing projects, we have identified 18 nat-like sequences from the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of NAT derived from the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (PDB accession code 1E2T) was resolved and revealed an active site catalytic triad composed of Cys⁶⁹-His¹⁰⁷-Asp¹²². These residues have been shown to be conserved in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic NAT homologues together with three highly conserved regions which are found proximal to the active site triad. The characterization of prokaryotic NATs and NAT-like enzymes is reported. It is also predicted that prokaryotic NATs, based on gene cluster composition and distribution amongst genomes, participate in the metabolism of xenobiotics derived from decomposition of organic materials.

Keywords: gene cluster, NAT, prokaryotic, endogenous function

Abbreviations: NAT, arylamine N-acetyltransferase encoded by nat in prokaryotes and NAT in eukaryotes; INH, isoniazid; p-ABA, p-aminobenzoic acid; RAS, rifamycin amide synthase

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