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Genetics and Molecular Biology |
Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany1
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK2
Author for correspondence: Fritz A. Mühlschlegel. Tel: +44 1227 82 3988. Fax: +44 1227 763912. e-mail: F.A.Muhlschlegel{at}ukc.ac.uk
In fungi, the cell wall plays a major role in host–pathogen interactions. Despite this, little is known about the molecular basis of cell wall assembly in Candida glabrata, which has emerged as the second most common cause of systemic candidosis. A C. glabrata gene family, CgGAS1–3, that shares significant homologies with both the GAS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is necessary for cell wall assembly, and the pH-regulated genes PHR1 and PHR2 of Candida albicans, which are involved in cell wall assembly and required for virulence, has been cloned. Among the members of this family, CgGAS1–3 display a unique expression pattern. Both CgGAS1 and CgGAS2 are constitutively expressed. In contrast, CgGAS3 transcript was not detectable under any of the assayed conditions. The C. glabrata actin gene, CgACT1, has also been cloned to be used as a meaningful loading control in Northern blots. CgGAS1 and CgGAS2 were deleted by two different methodological approaches. A rapid PCR-based strategy by which gene disruption was achieved with short regions of homology (50 bp) was applied successfully to C. glabrata. 
Cggas1 or Cggas2 cells demonstrated similar aberrant morphologies, displaying an altered bud morphology and forming floccose aggregates. These phenotypes suggest a role for CgGAS1 and CgGAS2 in cell wall biosynthesis. Further evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by successful functional complementation of a gas1 null mutation in S. cerevisiae with the C. glabrata CgGAS1 or CgGAS2 gene.
Keywords: cell wall, actin, GAS1, PHR1, PHR2
Abbreviations: CHEF, contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
The EMBL accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AJ302061 for CgGAS1, AJ302062 for CgGAS2 and AJ302063 for CgGAS3.
a Present address: Abteilung für Bakteriologie, Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
b Present address: Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
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