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Microbiology 148 (2002), 277-288
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Microbiology (2002), 148, 277-288.
© 2002 Society for General Microbiology

Research Paper

Effect of nutrient limitation on biofilm formation and phosphatase activity of a Citrobacter sp.

Victoria J. M. Allan1, Maureen E. Callow1, Lynne E. Macaskie1 and Marion Paterson-Beedle1

School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK1

Author for correspondence: Lynne E. Macaskie. Tel: +44 121 414 5889. Fax: +44 121 414 5925. e-mail: L. E.Macaskie{at}bham.ac.uk

A phosphatase-overproducing Citrobacter sp. (NCIMB 40259) was grown in an air-lift reactor in steady-state continuous culture under limitation of carbon, phosphorus or nitrogen. Substantial biofilm formation, and the highest phosphatase activity, were observed under lactose limitation. However, the total amount of biofilm wet biomass and the phosphatase specific activity were reduced in phosphorus- or nitrogen-limited cultures or when glucose was substituted for lactose as the limiting carbon source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed differences in cell and biofilm morphology in relation to medium composition. Electron microscopy suggested that the differences in biofilm formation may relate to differential expression of fimbriae on the cell surface.

Keywords: attached cells, starvation, phosphohydrolase, confocal laser scanning microscopy, fimbriae

Abbreviations: CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; EPS, extracellular polymeric substance(s); SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy




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