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Research Paper |
Institut de Génétique et Biologie Microbiennes, Université de Lausanne, Rue César-Roux 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland1
Author for correspondence: Catherine Mauël. Tel: +41 21 320 60 75. Fax: +41 21 320 60 78. e-mail: catherine.mauel{at}igbm.unil.ch
The tar genes directing the synthesis of poly(ribitol phosphate), the main teichoic acid in Bacillus subtilis strain W23, were sequenced. They are organized in two divergently transcribed operons, tarABIJKL and tarDF, as are the tag genes specifying poly(glycerol phosphate) synthesis in B. subtilis 168. The features of the tar genes as well as the putative participation of their products in the proposed biosynthesis pathway of poly(ribitol phosphate) are presented. The tarA and tarD genes, which are most likely involved in the synthesis of the linkage unit (the entity coupling teichoic acid to peptidoglycan), are separated by 508 nt. Sequences of the outer segments of this regulatory region are similar to the two divergent promoter regions identified upstream of the tagA and tagD genes in strain 168. However, in W23, these regions, which also included functional promoters, are separated by an additional DNA segment of about 100 nt, on which two new mRNA starts, one in each direction, were identified. The regulatory regions of teichoic acid divergons of Bacillus globigii, Bacillus licheniformis and eight strains of B. subtilis were cloned and sequenced. In four B. subtilis strains and in B. globigii, their length and sequence are similar to the regulatory region of W23. In the others, including B. licheniformis, they are of the 168-type. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of a non-coding grey hole, present in the tag region of strain 168, revealed higher similarities to tar than to tag entities. This suggests that at least part of the tag genes specifying the synthesis of glucosylated poly(glycerol phosphate) in strain 168 was introduced by horizontal gene transfer into a strain originally synthesizing a ribitol-phosphate-containing teichoic acid.
Keywords: poly(glycerol phosphate) origin, poly(ribitol phosphate) sequence, Bacillus evolution, anionic cell-wall polymers
Abbreviations: -P, -phosphate; poly(GroP), poly(glycerol phosphate); poly(RboP), poly(ribitol phosphate); poly(GlcGalNAcP), poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate)
The EMBL accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences reported in this paper are AJ313428, AJ318465, AJ318466, AJ318467, AJ318468, AJ318469 and AJ318470.
a Present address: Biokema SA, Chemin de la Chatanerie 2, CH-1023 Crissier, Switzerland.
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