| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
Correspondence
Lois L. Hoyer
lhoyer{at}uiuc.edu
The ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family of Candida albicans encodes eight cell-surface glycoproteins, some of which are involved in adherence to host surfaces. A mutational analysis of each ALS gene is currently being performed to deduce the functions of the encoded proteins and to better understand the role of these proteins in C. albicans biology and pathogenesis. This paper describes construction of an als3/als3 mutant and comparison of its phenotype to an als1/als1 strain. Efforts to disrupt ALS3 indicated that the gene could be deleted in two transformation steps, suggesting that the gene is encoded by a single locus and that the ALS3-like locus, ALS8, does not exist. Strains lacking ALS3 or ALS1 did not exhibit a defect in germ tube formation when grown in RPMI 1640 medium, but the als1/als1 mutant formed significantly fewer germ tubes in Lee medium. Analysis of ALS3 and ALS1 promoter activity using green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strains and flow cytometry showed that when cells are placed into medium that promotes germ tube formation, ALS1 is transcribed prior to ALS3. Comparison of the mutant strains in adhesion assays showed that the als3/als3 strain was defective in adhesion to both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and buccal epithelial cells (BEC), but not to fibronectin-coated plastic plates. In contrast, the als1/als1 strain showed decreased adherence to HUVEC, but adherence to BEC and fibronectin were the same as wild-type controls. Inoculation of the buccal reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) model of oral candidiasis with the mutant strains showed nearly a total lack of adhesion and epithelial destruction by the als3/als3 mutant while the als1/als1 strain showed only a slightly reduced degree of epithelial destruction compared to the wild-type control. Adhesion data presented here suggest that, in the assays performed, loss of Als3p affects C. albicans adhesion more than loss of Als1p. Collectively, these results demonstrate functional similarities and differences between Als1p and Als3p, and suggest the potential for more complex interrelationships between the ALS genes and their encoded proteins.
The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AY223551 (ALS3 small allele) and AY223552 (ALS3 large allele).
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Banerjee, D. S. Thompson, A. Lazzell, P. L. Carlisle, C. Pierce, C. Monteagudo, J. L. Lopez-Ribot, and D. Kadosh UME6, a Novel Filament-specific Regulator of Candida albicans Hyphal Extension and Virulence Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2008; 19(4): 1354 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-S. Bahn, M. Molenda, J. F. Staab, C. A. Lyman, L. J. Gordon, and P. Sundstrom Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling of the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Signaling Pathway during Morphogenic Transitions of Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2007; 6(12): 2376 - 2390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Yeater, J. Chandra, G. Cheng, P. K. Mukherjee, X. Zhao, S. L. Rodriguez-Zas, K. E. Kwast, M. A. Ghannoum, and L. L. Hoyer Temporal analysis of Candida albicans gene expression during biofilm development Microbiology, August 1, 2007; 153(8): 2373 - 2385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhao, S.-H. Oh, and L. L. Hoyer Unequal contribution of ALS9 alleles to adhesion between Candida albicans and human vascular endothelial cells Microbiology, July 1, 2007; 153(7): 2342 - 2350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Dranginis, J. M. Rauceo, J. E. Coronado, and P. N. Lipke A Biochemical Guide to Yeast Adhesins: Glycoproteins for Social and Antisocial Occasions Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2007; 71(2): 282 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. C. Villar, H. Kashleva, C. J. Nobile, A. P. Mitchell, and A. Dongari-Bagtzoglou Mucosal Tissue Invasion by Candida albicans Is Associated with E-Cadherin Degradation, Mediated by Transcription Factor Rim101p and Protease Sap5p Infect. Immun., May 1, 2007; 75(5): 2126 - 2135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Argimon, J. A. Wishart, R. Leng, S. Macaskill, A. Mavor, T. Alexandris, S. Nicholls, A. W. Knight, B. Enjalbert, R. Walmsley, et al. Developmental Regulation of an Adhesin Gene during Cellular Morphogenesis in the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2007; 6(4): 682 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Richard and A. Plaine Comprehensive Analysis of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2007; 6(2): 119 - 133. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Rauceo, R. De Armond, H. Otoo, P. C. Kahn, S. A. Klotz, N. K. Gaur, and P. N. Lipke Threonine-Rich Repeats Increase Fibronectin Binding in the Candida albicans Adhesin Als5p Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2006; 5(10): 1664 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhao, K. J. Daniels, S.-H. Oh, C. B. Green, K. M. Yeater, D. R. Soll, and L. L. Hoyer Candida albicans Als3p is required for wild-type biofilm formation on silicone elastomer surfaces. Microbiology, August 1, 2006; 152(Pt 8): 2287 - 2299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Albrecht, A. Felk, I. Pichova, J. R. Naglik, M. Schaller, P. de Groot, D. MacCallum, F. C. Odds, W. Schafer, F. Klis, et al. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteases of Candida albicans Target Proteins Necessary for Both Cellular Processes and Host-Pathogen Interactions J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 2006; 281(2): 688 - 694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kadosh and A. D. Johnson Induction of the Candida albicans Filamentous Growth Program by Relief of Transcriptional Repression: A Genome-wide Analysis Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2005; 16(6): 2903 - 2912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Garcia-Sanchez, A. L. Mavor, C. L. Russell, S. Argimon, P. Dennison, B. Enjalbert, and A. J.P. Brown Global Roles of Ssn6 in Tup1- and Nrg1-dependent Gene Regulation in the Fungal Pathogen, Candida albicans Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2005; 16(6): 2913 - 2925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhao, S.-H. Oh, K. M. Yeater, and L. L. Hoyer Analysis of the Candida albicans Als2p and Als4p adhesins suggests the potential for compensatory function within the Als family Microbiology, May 1, 2005; 151(5): 1619 - 1630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Green, X. Zhao, K. M. Yeater, and L. L. Hoyer Construction and real-time RT-PCR validation of Candida albicans PALS-GFP reporter strains and their use in flow cytometry analysis of ALS gene expression in budding and filamenting cells Microbiology, April 1, 2005; 151(4): 1051 - 1060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. Laffey and G. Butler Phenotype switching affects biofilm formation by Candida parapsilosis Microbiology, April 1, 2005; 151(4): 1073 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. T. Phan, R. A. Fratti, N. V. Prasadarao, J. E. Edwards Jr., and S. G. Filler N-cadherin Mediates Endocytosis of Candida albicans by Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 18, 2005; 280(11): 10455 - 10461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Cheng, K. Wozniak, M. A. Wallig, P. L. Fidel Jr., S. R. Trupin, and L. L. Hoyer Comparison between Candida albicans Agglutinin-Like Sequence Gene Expression Patterns in Human Clinical Specimens and Models of Vaginal Candidiasis Infect. Immun., March 1, 2005; 73(3): 1656 - 1663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Green, X. Zhao, and L. L. Hoyer Use of Green Fluorescent Protein and Reverse Transcription-PCR To Monitor Candida albicans Agglutinin-Like Sequence Gene Expression in a Murine Model of Disseminated Candidiasis Infect. Immun., March 1, 2005; 73(3): 1852 - 1855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-H. Oh, G. Cheng, J. A. Nuessen, R. Jajko, K. M. Yeater, X. Zhao, C. Pujol, D. R. Soll, and L. L. Hoyer Functional specificity of Candida albicans Als3p proteins and clade specificity of ALS3 alleles discriminated by the number of copies of the tandem repeat sequence in the central domain Microbiology, March 1, 2005; 151(3): 673 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bassilana, J. Hopkins, and R. A. Arkowitz Regulation of the Cdc42/Cdc24 GTPase Module during Candida albicans Hyphal Growth Eukaryot. Cell, March 1, 2005; 4(3): 588 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
