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Concordant evolution of trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase and an rDNA species phylogeny of trichothecene-producing and non-producing fusaria and other ascomycetous fungi

¹ Laboratory for Remediation Research, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, and Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
² Faculty of Life Science, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
³ Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Regulation Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
⁴ Genetic Diversity Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
⁵ Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁶ Genetic Dynamics Research Unit Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁷ Laboratory for Adaptation and Resistance, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan

Correspondence
Makoto Kimura
mkimura{at}postman.riken.go.jp

The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum species complex (e.g. Fusarium asiaticum, previously referred to as F. graminearum lineage 6) produces the mycotoxin trichothecene in infected grains. The fungus has a gene for self-defence, Tri101, which is responsible for 3-O-acetylation of the trichothecene skeleton in the biosynthetic pathway. Recently, trichothecene non-producers Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph Gibberella fujikuroi) were shown to have both functional (Tri201) and non-functional (pseudo-Tri101) trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase genes in their genome. To gain insight into the evolution of the trichothecene genes in Gibberella species, the authors examined whether or not other (pseudo-)biosynthesis-related genes are found near Tri201. However, sequence analysis of a 12 kb region containing Tri201 did not result in identification of additional trichothecene (pseudo-)genes in F. oxysporum. In a further attempt to find other trichothecene (pseudo-)genes from the non-producer, the authors examined whether or not the non-trichothecene genes flanking the ends of the core trichothecene gene cluster (i.e. the Tri5 cluster) comprise a region of synteny in Gibberella species. However, it was not possible to isolate trichothecene (pseudo-)genes from F. oxysporum (in addition to the previously identified pseudo-Tri101), because synteny was not observed for this region in F. asiaticum and F. oxysporum. In contrast to this unsuccessful identification of additional trichothecene (pseudo-)genes in the non-producer, a functional trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase gene could be identified in fusaria other than Gibberella: Fusarium decemcellulare and Fusarium solani; and in an ascomycete from a different fungal genus, Magnaporthe grisea. Together with the recent functional identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScAYT1, these results are suggestive of a different evolutionary origin for the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase gene from other biosynthesis pathway genes. The phylogeny of the 3-O-acetyltransferase was mostly concordant with the rDNA species phylogeny of these ascomycetous fungi.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AB181459–AB181481, AB193099 and AB193100.

A list of hypothetical genes identified on Fusarium oxysporum cosmids is shown in Supplementary Table S1, an analysis of the region containing genes A–O in F. oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi in Supplementary Fig. S1 and an analysis of the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase of Magnaporthe grisea in Supplementary Figure S2 with the online version of this paper at http://mic.sgmjournals.org.

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