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Microbiology 151 (2005), 2907-2922; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.28099-0
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Microbiology 151 (2005), 2907-2922; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.28099-0
© 2005 Society for General Microbiology

Identification of pathogen-specific genes through microarray analysis of pathogenic and commensal Neisseria species

Richard A. Stabler1,{dagger}, Gemma L. Marsden1,{ddagger}, Adam A. Witney1, Yanwen Li2, Stephen D. Bentley3, Christoph M. Tang2 and Jason Hinds1

1 Bacterial Microarray Group, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW7 0RE, UK
2 Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
3 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK

Correspondence
Richard A. Stabler
Richard.Stabler{at}lshtm.ac.uk

The release of the complete genome sequences of Neisseria meningitidis MC58 and Z2491 along with access to the sequences of N. meningitidis FAM18 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 allowed the construction of a pan-Neisseria microarray, with every gene in all four genomes represented. The microarray was used to analyse a selection of strains including all N. meningitidis serogroups and commensal Neisseria species. For each strain, genes were defined as present, divergent or absent using GACK analysis software. Comparison of the strains identified genes that were conserved within N. meningitidis serogroup B strains but absent from all commensal strains tested, consisting of mainly virulence-associated genes and transmissible elements. The microarray was able to distinguish between pilin genes, pilC orthologues and serogroup-specific capsule biosynthetic genes, and to identify dam and drg genotypes. Previously described N. meningitidis genes involved in iron response, adherence to epithelial cells, and pathogenicity were compared to the microarray analysis. The microarray data correlated with other genetic typing methods and were able to predict genotypes for uncharacterized strains and thus offer the potential for a rapid typing method. The subset of pathogen-specific genes identified represents potential drug or vaccine targets that would not eliminate commensal neisseriae and the associated naturally acquired immunity.

Abbreviations: FUN, function unknown; MLEE, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; MLST, multilocus sequence typing

Supplementary microarray data are available with the online version of this paper.

{dagger}Present address: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.

{ddagger}Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.




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