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Microbiology 151 (2005), 3089-3096; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.27933-0
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Microbiology 151 (2005), 3089-3096; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.27933-0
© 2005 Society for General Microbiology

The artAB genes encode a putative ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104

Mariko Saitoh1,2, Kiyoshi Tanaka1, Kei Nishimori1, Sou-ichi Makino3, Toru Kanno1, Ryoko Ishihara1, Shinichi Hatama1, Rie Kitano4, Masato Kishima4, Toshiya Sameshima4, Masato Akiba4, Muneo Nakazawa4, Yuichi Yokomizo4 and Ikuo Uchida1

1 Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan
2 Nemuro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Betsukaimidorimachi-69, Betsukai, Notsukegun 086-0214, Japan
3 Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
4 National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan

Correspondence
Ikuo Uchida
ikuouchi{at}affrc.go.jp

Many bacterial pathogens encode ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins. The authors identified an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue (ArtA, ArtB) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104. ArtA is most homologous to a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit present in Salmonella typhi (STY1890) and Salmonella paratyphi A (SPA1609), while ArtB shows homology to a hypothetical periplasmic protein of S. typhi (STY1364) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1188), and a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit in S. typhi (STY1891) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1610). The artA gene was detected from the phage particle fraction upon mitomycin C induction, and the flanking region of artAB contains a prophage-like sequence, suggesting that these putative toxin genes reside within a prophage. Southern blotting analysis revealed that artA is conserved in 12 confirmed DT104 strains and in four related strains which are not phage-typed but are classified into the same group as DT104 by both amplified-fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Except for one strain, NCTC 73, all 13 S. typhimurium strains which were classified into different groups from that of DT104 lacked the artA locus. The results suggest that phage-mediated recombination has resulted in the acquisition of art genes in S. typhimurium DT104 strains.

Abbreviations: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; DT, definitive type

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AB104436.






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