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Microbiology 152 (2006), 505-517; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.28254-0
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Microbiology 152 (2006), 505-517; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.28254-0
© 2006 Society for General Microbiology

Metagenomic analysis of mesopelagic Antarctic plankton reveals a novel deltaproteobacterial group

David Moreira1, Francisco Rodríguez-Valera2 and Purificación López-García1

1 Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
2 División de Microbiología and Evolutionary Genomics Group, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain

Correspondence
Purificación López-García
puri.lopez{at}ese.u-psud.fr

Phylogenetic screening of 3200 clones from a metagenomic library of Antarctic mesopelagic picoplankton allowed the identification of two bacterial 16S-rDNA-containing clones belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria, DeepAnt-1F12 and DeepAnt-32C6. These clones were very divergent, forming a monophyletic cluster with the environmental sequence GR-WP33-58 that branched at the base of the myxobacteria. Except for the possession of complete rrn operons without associated tRNA genes, DeepAnt-1F12 and DeepAnt-32C6 were very different in gene content and organization. Gene density was much higher in DeepAnt-32C6, whereas nearly one-third of DeepAnt-1F12 corresponded to intergenic regions. Many of the predicted genes encoded by these metagenomic clones were informational (i.e. involved in replication, transcription, translation and related processes). Despite this, a few putative cases of horizontal gene transfer were detected, including a transposase. DeepAnt-1F12 contained one putative gene encoding a long cysteine-rich protein, probably membrane-bound and Ca2+-binding, with only eukaryotic homologues. DeepAnt-32C6 carried some predicted genes involved in metabolic pathways that suggested this organism may be anaerobic and able to ferment and to degrade complex compounds extracellularly.

Abbreviations: HGT, horizontal gene transfer; ITS, intergenic spacer; MRG, myxobacteria-related group

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are DQ267495 (DeepAnt-1F12) and DQ267496 (DeepAnt-32C6).

Supplementary figures are available with the online version of this paper.






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