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Microbiology 153 (2007), 3211-3217; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.2007/010405-0IMMEDIATE OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
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Microbiology 153 (2007), 3211-3217; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.2007/010405-0
© 2007 Society for General Microbiology

Mini-Review

Candida albicans drug resistance – another way to cope with stress

Richard D. Cannon1, Erwin Lamping1, Ann R. Holmes1, Kyoko Niimi1, Koichi Tanabe2, Masakazu Niimi2 and Brian C. Monk1

1 Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
2 Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence
Richard D. Cannon
richard.cannon{at}otago.ac.nz

There are relatively few classes of antifungal drugs. This restricts clinicians' therapeutic choices and these choices are further reduced by the emergence of drug resistance. Exposure to antifungal drugs represents an environmental stress for the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The immediate response of C. albicans to antifungals may be drug tolerance, which can lead to drug resistance. This article examines C. albicans drug resistance from the perspective of it being a stress response and investigates how commonality with other stress-response pathways gives insights into the prospects for overcoming, or preventing, drug resistance.

Abbreviations: 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine; ABC, ATP-binding cassette; CsA, cyclosporin A; Cyp1p, cyclophilin A; HOG, high-osmolarity glycerol; Hsp90, heat-shock protein 90; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MFS, major facilitator superfamily; PKA, protein kinase A




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