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Phylogenetic analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes human and animal isolates based on MnSOD and ITS sequence comparison

¹ Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle de Microbiologie, CHRU de Lille, EA3609, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
² Laboratoire d'Ecologie du Parasitisme, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 3609, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
³ Clinique Dermatologique, CHRU de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
⁴ Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHRU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
⁵ Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, UMR 956 INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France

Correspondence
Laurence Delhaes
l-delhaes{at}chru-lille.fr

Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi able to infect keratinized tissues of human or animal origin. Among them, Trichophyton mentagrophytes is known to be a species complex composed of several species or variants, which occur in both human and animals. Since the T. mentagrophytes complex includes both anthropophilic and zoophilic pathogens, accurate molecular identification is a critical issue for comprehensive understanding of the clinical and epidemiological implications of the genetic heterogeneity of this complex. Here, 41 T. mentagrophytes isolates from either human patients (14 isolates) or animals (27 isolates) with dermatophytosis were prospectively isolated by culture and identified on morphological bases at the University Hospital Centres of Lille and Poitiers, and the Veterinary School of Alfort, respectively. The isolates were differentiated by DNA sequencing of the variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions flanking the 5.8S rDNA, and of the housekeeping gene encoding the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme which is involved in defence against oxidative stress and has previously provided interesting insight into both fungal taxonomy and phylogeny. ITS1-ITS2 regions and MnSOD sequences successfully differentiate between members of the T. mentagrophytes complex and the related species Trichophyton rubrum. Whatever the phylogenetic marker used, members of this complex were classified into two major clades exhibiting a similar topology, with a higher variability when the ITS marker was used. Relationships between ITS/MnSOD sequences and host origin, clinical pattern and phenotypic characteristics (macroscopic and microscopic morphologies) were analysed.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the MnSOD and ITS sequences determined in this work are given in the text and Fig. 1.