HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kogej, T. Articles by Gunde-Cimerman, N. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kogej, T. Articles by Gunde-Cimerman, N. Agricola Articles by Kogej, T. Articles by Gunde-Cimerman, N.

Osmotic adaptation of the halophilic fungus Hortaea werneckii: role of osmolytes and melanization

Marc Volkmann^3,

¹ University of Ljubljana, Biotechnology Faculty, Department of Biology, Vena pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
² Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
³ Geomicrobiology, ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, POB 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany

Correspondence
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
nina.gunde-cimerman{at}bf.uni-lj.si

This study was intended to determine the osmoadaptation strategy of Hortaea werneckii, an extremely salt-tolerant melanized ascomycetous fungus that can grow at 0–5.1 M NaCl. It has been shown previously that glycerol is the major compatible solute in actively growing H. werneckii. This study showed that the exponentially growing cells also contained erythritol, arabitol and mannitol at optimal growth salinities, but only glycerol and erythritol at maximal salinities. The latter two were both demonstrated to be major compatible solutes in H. werneckii, as their decrease correlated with the severity of hypoosmotic shock. Besides higher amounts of erythritol and lower amounts of glycerol, stationary-phase cells also contained mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside, which might act as a complementary compatible solute. H. werneckii is constitutively melanized under various salinity conditions. Ultrastructural study showed localization of melanin in the outer parts of the cell wall as a distinct layer at optimal salinity (0.86 M NaCl), whereas cell-wall melanization diminished at higher salinities. The role of melanized cell wall in the effective retention of glycerol is already known, and was also demonstrated in H. werneckii by lower retention of glycerol in cells with blocked melanization compared to melanized cells. However, these non-melanized cells compensated for the lower amounts of glycerol with higher amounts of erythritol and arabitol. We hypothesize that H. werneckii melanization is effective in reducing the permeability of its cell wall to its major compatible solute glycerol, which might be one of the features that helps it tolerate a wider range of salt concentrations than most organisms.

Present address: Environmental Biochemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, POB 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.