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Microbiology 153 (2007), 2304-2311; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.2006/004424-0
© 2007 Society for General Microbiology

Genetic and physiological characterization of the Borrelia burgdorferi ORF BB0374-pfs-metK-luxS operon

Sean P. Riley, Tomasz Bykowski, Kelly Babb{dagger}, Kate von Lackum{ddagger} and Brian Stevenson

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, MS415 Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA

Correspondence
Brian Stevenson
brian.stevenson{at}uky.edu

The Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi, produces the LuxS enzyme both in vivo and in vitro; this enzyme catalyses the synthesis of homocysteine and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) from a by-product of methylation reactions. Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi is unable to utilize homocysteine. However, DPD levels alter expression levels of a subset of B. burgdorferi proteins. The present studies demonstrate that a single B. burgdorferi operon encodes both of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of DPD, as well as the enzyme for production of the Lyme spirochaete's only activated-methyl donor and a probable phosphohydrolase. Evidence was found for only a single transcriptional promoter, located 5' of the first gene, which uses the housekeeping {sigma}70 subunit for RNA polymerase holoenzyme function. All four genes are co-expressed, and mRNA levels are growth-rate dependent, being produced during the exponential phase. Thus, high metabolic activity is accompanied by increased cellular levels of the only known borrelial methyl donor, enhanced detoxification of methylation by-products, and increased production of DPD. Therefore, production of DPD is directly correlated with cellular metabolism levels, and may thereby function as an extracellular and/or intracellular signal of bacterial health.

Abbreviations: AI-2, autoinducer-2; DPD, 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SRH, S-ribosylhomocysteine; RTase, reverse transcriptase; Q-RT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR

{dagger}Present address: BioVitesse, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.

{ddagger}Present address: Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

A supplementary figure showing the results of Q-RT-PCR analysis of luxS transcription by wild-type (wt), rpoN and rpoS B. burgdorferi and two supplementary tables of raw data for the Q-RT-PCR are available with the online version of this paper.






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