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Sulfidogenesis under extremely haloalkaline conditions by Desulfonatronospira thiodismutans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Desulfonatronospira delicata sp. nov. – a novel lineage of Deltaproteobacteria from hypersaline soda lakes

¹ Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-let Octyabrya 7/2, 117811 Moscow, Russia
² Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
³ Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
⁴ Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany

Correspondence
Dimitry Yu. Sorokin
soroc{at}inmi.host.ru
;
D.Y.Sorokin{at}tudelft.nl

High rates of sulfidogenesis were observed in sediments from hypersaline soda lakes. Anaerobic enrichment cultures at 2 M Na⁺ and pH 10 inoculated with sediment samples from these lakes produced sulfide most actively with sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors, and resulted in the isolation of three pure cultures of extremely natronophilic sulfidogenic bacteria. Strain ASO3-1 was isolated using sulfite as a sole substrate, strain AHT 8 with thiosulfate and formate, and strain AHT 6 with thiosulfate and acetate. All strains grew in a mineral soda-based medium by dismutation of either sulfite or thiosulfate, as well as with sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfate as acceptors, and H₂ and simple organic compounds as electron donors. The acetyl-CoA pathway was identified as the pathway for inorganic carbon assimilation by strain ASO3-1. All strains were obligately alkaliphilic, with an optimum at pH 9.5–10, and grew in soda brines containing 1–4 M total Na⁺ (optimum at 1.0–2.0 M). The cells accumulated high amounts of the organic osmolyte glycine betaine. They formed a new lineage within the family Desulfohalobiaceae (Deltaproteobacteria), for which the name Desulfonatronospira gen. nov. is proposed. Strains ASO3-1^T and AHT 8 from Kulunda Steppe formed Desulfonatronospira thiodismutans sp. nov., and strain AHT 6^T from Wadi al Natrun is suggested as Desulfonatronospira delicata sp. nov.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains ASO3-1^T, AHT 6^T and AHT 8 are EU296537–EU296539.

A supplementary table showing a comparison of cellular fatty acid profiles of extremely natronophilic sulfidogenic isolates from hypersaline soda lakes with low salt-tolerant alkaliphilic and high salt-tolerant halophilic members of the family Desulfohalobiaceae is available with the online version of this paper.

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