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Microbiology 155 (2009), 413-423; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.023309-0
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Microbiology 155 (2009), 413-423; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.023309-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology

The Hog1 MAP kinase controls respiratory metabolism in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Rebeca Alonso-Monge1, Sara Carvaihlo1, Cesar Nombela1, Eduardo Rial2 and Jesús Pla1

1 Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
2 Departamento de Ciencias de Proteínas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Correspondence
Rebeca Alonso-Monge
realonso{at}farm.ucm.es

Signal transduction pathways mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play crucial roles in eukaryotic cells. In the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans the HOG MAPK pathway regulates the response to external stresses (osmotic and oxidative among others) and is involved in morphogenesis and virulence. We show here that the lack of the Hog1 MAPK increases the sensitivity of this fungus to inhibitors of the respiratory chain. hog1 mutants also show an enhanced basal respiratory rate compared to parental strains, and higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species despite an increased expression of detoxifying enzymes. We also demonstrate that although oxidative phosphorylation is essentially unaffected, hog1 mutants have an altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Data indicate that hog1-defective mutants are more dependent on mitochondrial ATP synthesis, probably due to an increased cellular ATP demand. Our results therefore link a MAPK pathway with respiratory metabolism in pathogenic fungi.

Abbreviations: AOX, alternative oxidase; carboxy-H2DCFDA, carboxy-2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein; DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenol; FCCP, carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; HEt, dihydroethidium; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCLA, 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazol[1,2-{alpha}] pyrazin-3-one, hydrochloride; PQ, paraquat; Rh123, rhodamine 123; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid




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