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Microbiology 155 (2009), 2593-2602; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.027284-0IMMEDIATE OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
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Microbiology 155 (2009), 2593-2602; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.027284-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology

Population structure of Streptococcus oralis

Thuy Do1,2, Keith A. Jolley3, Martin C. J. Maiden3, Steven C. Gilbert1,2, Douglas Clark1, William G. Wade1 and David Beighton1,2

1 King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Infection Research Group, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
2 Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
3 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK

Streptococcus oralis is a member of the normal human oral microbiota, capable of opportunistic pathogenicity; like related oral streptococci, it exhibits appreciable phenotypic and genetic variation. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. oralis was developed and the resultant data analysed to examine the population structure of the species. Analysis of 113 isolates, confirmed as belonging to the S. oralis/mitis group by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, characterized the population as highly diverse and undergoing inter- and intra-species recombination with a probable clonal complex structure. ClonalFrame analysis of these S. oralis isolates along with examples of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae grouped the named species into distinct, coherent populations and did not support the clustering of S. pseudopneumoniae with S. mitis as reported previously using distance-based methods. Analysis of the individual loci suggested that this discrepancy was due to the possible hybrid nature of S. pseudopneumoniae. The data are available on the public MLST website (http://pubmlst.org/soralis/).

Correspondence
Thuy Do
thuy.do{at}kcl.ac.uk

Abbreviations: ML, maximum likelihood; MLST, multilocus sequence typing; NJ, neighbour joining; REP-PCR, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR; ST, sequence type; UHQ, ultra-high quality

A supplementary figure and two supplementary tables are available with the online version of this paper.






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