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Microbiology 156 (2010), 579-588; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.036442-0
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Microbiology 156 (2010), 579-588; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.036442-0
© 2010 Society for General Microbiology

Metabolism of conjugated linoleic acids and 18 : 1 fatty acids by ruminal bacteria: products and mechanisms

Nest McKain1, Kevin J. Shingfield2 and R. John Wallace1

1 Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
2 Animal Production Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, FI-31600, Finland

Cultures of ruminal bacteria known to metabolize unsaturated fatty acids were grown in medium containing 50 µg ml–1 of geometric and positional isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or 18 : 1 fatty acids and 37.4 % deuterium oxide to investigate the mechanisms responsible for fatty acid metabolism. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JW11 converted cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2 and trans-9,trans-11-18 : 2 to trans-11-18 : 1 as the main product, labelled at C-9, and metabolized trans-10,cis-12-18 : 2 to trans-10-18 : 1, labelled at C-13, and smaller amounts of trans-12-18 : 1 and cis-12-18 : 1. Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P-18 did not grow in the presence of cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2 or trans-10,cis-12-18 : 2, but grew in medium containing trans-9,trans-11-18 : 2, forming 18 : 0. Propionibacterium acnes, a ruminal species that isomerizes linoleic acid to trans-10,cis-12-18 : 2, did not metabolize CLA isomers further. B. fibrisolvens metabolized small amounts of trans-10-18 : 1, trans-11-18 : 1 and cis-9-18 : 1, but the products formed were not detected. B. proteoclasticus, on the other hand, carried out substantial conversion of 18 : 1 substrates to 18 : 0. P. acnes hydrated cis-9-18 : 1 and trans-11-18 : 1 to 10-OH-18 : 0, which was further oxidized to yield 10-O-18 : 0. The deuterium enrichment in the intermediates formed during incubations with 9,11 geometric isomers of CLA was about half that of the products from trans-10,cis-12 CLA and 18 : 1 isomers, suggesting that the reduction of 9,11 geometric isomers CLA by ruminal bacteria occurs via different mechanisms compared with the metabolism of other unsaturated fatty acids.

Correspondence
R. John Wallace
john.wallace{at}abdn.ac.uk

Abbreviations: CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; DMOX, 4,4-dimethyloxazoline; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; MPE, moles % excess; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid

Two supplementary figures are available with the online version of this paper.






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