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Department of Botany, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
Department of Microbiology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
School of Studies in Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
Department of Biology, Liverpool Polytechnic, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K.
Department of Microbiology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 3RH, U.K.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Four hundred and seventy-five strains, which included 394 type cultures of Streptomyces and representatives of 14 other actinomycete genera, were studied. Overall similarities of these strains for 139 unit characters were determined by the SSM and SJ coefficients and clustering by the UPGMA algorithm. Test error and overlap between the phena defined were within acceptable limits. Cluster-groups were defined by the SSM coefficient at the 70.1% similarity (S) level and by the SJ coefficient at the 50% S-level. Clusters were distinguished at the 77.5% SSM and 63% SJ S-levels. Groupings obtained with the two coefficients were generally similar, but there were some changes in the definition and membership of cluster-groups and clusters.
The phenetic data obtained, together with those from previous diverse studies, indicated that the genera Actinopycnidium, Actinosporangium, Chainia, Elytrosporangium, Kitasatoa and Micro-ellobosporia should be reduced to synonyms of Streptomyces, while Intrasporangium, Nocardioides and Streptoverticillium remained as distinct genera in the family Streptomycetaceae. Nocardiopsis dassonvillei also showed strong phenetic affinity to Streptomyces, despite its chemotaxonomic differences. Actinomadura sensu stricto was phenetically distinguishable from Streptomyces and ‘Nocardid’ mediterranea was recognized as a taxon distinct from both these genera and from Nocardia sensu stricto.
Most of the Streptomyces type cultures fell into one large cluster-group. At the 77.5% SSM S-level, they were recovered in 19 major and 40 minor clusters, with 18 strains recovered as single member clusters. The status of the latter as species was therefore confirmed. Most of the minor clusters, consisting of two to five strains, can also be regarded as species. The major clusters varied in size (from 6 to 71 strains) and in their homogeneity. Therefore, it is suggested that they be regarded as species-groups until further information is available. The results provide a basis for the reduction of the large number of Streptomyces species which have been described. They also demonstrate that the previous use of a limited number of subjectively chosen characters to define species-groups or species has resulted in artificial classifications.
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S. Mayilraj, R. M. Kroppenstedt, K. Suresh, and H. S. Saini Kocuria himachalensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the Indian Himalayas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, August 1, 2006; 56(Pt 8): 1971 - 1975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Mayilraj, S. Krishnamurthi, P. Saha, and H. S. Saini Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a cold desert of the Himalayas, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2006; 56(Pt 5): 979 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Xu, L. Wang, Q. Cui, Y. Huang, Z. Liu, G. Zheng, and M. Goodfellow Neutrotolerant acidophilic Streptomyces species isolated from acidic soils in China: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov., Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov., Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2006; 56(Pt 5): 1109 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. J. Kim, S. C. Lee, and B. K. Hwang Streptomyces cheonanensis sp. nov., a novel streptomycete with antifungal activity Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2006; 56(2): 471 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Kampfer, R. M. Kroppenstedt, and I. Grun-Wollny Nonomuraea kuesteri sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2005; 55(2): 847 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Trujillo, C. Fernandez-Molinero, E. Velazquez, R. M. Kroppenstedt, P. Schumann, P. F. Mateos, and E. Martinez-Molina Micromonospora mirobrigensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2005; 55(2): 877 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Y. Lee, J. Y. Lee, H. W. Jung, and B. K. Hwang Streptomyces koyangensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete that produces 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2005; 55(1): 257 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Huang, W. Li, L. Wang, B. Lanoot, M. Vancanneyt, C. Rodriguez, Z. Liu, J. Swings, and M. Goodfellow Streptomyces glauciniger sp. nov., a novel mesophilic streptomycete isolated from soil in south China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2004; 54(6): 2085 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. R. Meyers, C. M. Goodwin, J. A. Bennett, B. L. Aken, C. E. Price, and J. M. van Rooyen Streptomyces africanus sp. nov., a novel streptomycete with blue aerial mycelium Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2004; 54(5): 1531 - 1535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. T. A. S. Semedo, R. C. Gomes, A. A. Linhares, G. F. Duarte, R. P. Nascimento, A. S. Rosado, M. Margis-Pinheiro, R. Margis, K. R. A. Silva, C. S. Alviano, et al. Streptomyces drozdowiczii sp. nov., a novel cellulolytic streptomycete from soil in Brazil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2004; 54(4): 1323 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Song, B.-Y. Kim, S.-B. Hong, H.-S. Cho, K. Sohn, J. Chun, and J.-W. Suh Kribbella solani sp. nov. and Kribbella jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from potato tuber and soil in Jeju, Korea Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2004; 54(4): 1345 - 1348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Xu, W.-J. Li, W.-l. Wu, D. Wang, L.-H. Xu, and C.-L. Jiang Streptomyces hebeiensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2004; 54(3): 727 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Kampfer, S. Buczolits, U. Jackel, I. Grun-Wollny, and H.-J. Busse Nocardia tenerifensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2004; 54(2): 381 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B.-J. Kim, C.-J. Kim, J. Chun, Y.-H. Koh, S.-H. Lee, J.-W. Hyun, C.-Y. Cha, and Y.-H. Kook Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Streptomyces and Kitasatospora based on partial RNA polymerase {beta}-subunit gene (rpoB) sequences Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2004; 54(2): 593 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Saintpierre-Bonaccio, L. A. Maldonado, H. Amir, R. Pineau, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia neocaledoniensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a New-Caledonian brown hypermagnesian ultramafic soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2004; 54(2): 599 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Song, S.-C. Lee, J.-W. Kang, H.-J. Baek, and J.-W. Suh Phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces spp. isolated from potato scab lesions in Korea on the basis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer sequences Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2004; 54(1): 203 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Kim, C. N. Seong, S. J. Jeon, K. S. Bae, and M. Goodfellow Taxonomic study of neutrotolerant acidophilic actinomycetes isolated from soil and description of Streptomyces yeochonensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2004; 54(1): 211 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. N. Hozzein, W.-J. Li, M. I. A. Ali, O. Hammouda, A. S. Mousa, L.-H. Xu, and C.-L. Jiang Nocardiopsis alkaliphila sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic actinomycete isolated from desert soil in Egypt Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2004; 54(1): 247 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Groth, B. Schutze, T. Boettcher, C. B. Pullen, C. Rodriguez, E. Leistner, and M. Goodfellow Kitasatospora putterlickiae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil, transfer of Streptomyces kifunensis to the genus Kitasatospora as Kitasatospora kifunensis comb. nov., and emended description of Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar 1948 Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2003; 53(6): 2033 - 2040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. H. Park, J. S. Kim, S. W. Kwon, C. Wilson, Y. M. Yu, J. H. Hur, and C. K. Lim Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2003; 53(6): 2049 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Zhang, Z. Liu, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia caishijiensis sp. nov., a novel soil actinomycete Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2003; 53(4): 999 - 1004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. S. Conville, J. M. Brown, A. G. Steigerwalt, J. W. Lee, D. E. Byrer, V. L. Anderson, S. E. Dorman, S. M. Holland, B. Cahill, K. C. Carroll, et al. Nocardia veterana as a Pathogen in North American Patients J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2003; 41(6): 2560 - 2568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Wink, R. M. Kroppenstedt, G. Seibert, and E. Stackebrandt Actinomadura namibiensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2003; 53(3): 721 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. R. Meyers, D. S. Porter, C. Omorogie, J. M. Pule, and T. Kwetane Streptomyces speibonae sp. nov., a novel streptomycete with blue substrate mycelium isolated from South African soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2003; 53(3): 801 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Zhang, W.-J. Li, X.-L. Cui, M.-G. Li, L.-H. Xu, and C.-L. Jiang Streptomyces yunnanensis sp. nov., a mesophile from soils in Yunnan, China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2003; 53(1): 217 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Petrosyan, M. Garcia-Varela, A. Luz-Madrigal, C. Huitron, and M. E. Flores Streptomyces mexicanus sp. nov., a xylanolytic micro-organism isolated from soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2003; 53(1): 269 - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Nishikawa and K.'i. Ogawa Distribution of Microbes Producing Antimicrobial {varepsilon}-Poly-L-Lysine Polymers in Soil Microflora Determined by a Novel Method Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2002; 68(7): 3575 - 3581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Bao and S. N. Cohen Terminal proteins essential for the replication of linear plasmids and chromosomes in Streptomyces Genes & Dev., June 15, 2001; 15(12): 1518 - 1527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. T. Bull, A. C. Ward, and M. Goodfellow Search and Discovery Strategies for Biotechnology: the Paradigm Shift Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2000; 64(3): 573 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Roberts and D. L. Crawford Use of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA as a Means of Developing Genus- and Strain-Specific Streptomyces DNA Probes Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2000; 66(6): 2555 - 2564. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 J. Gagnat, H. Chouayekh, C. Gerbaud, F. Francou, and M.-J. Virolle Disruption of sblA in Streptomyces lividans permits expression of a heterologous {alpha}-amylase gene in the presence of glucose Microbiology, September 1, 1999; 145(9): 2303 - 2312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. L. Doumbou, V. Akimov, and C. Beaulieu Selection and Characterization of Microorganisms Utilizing Thaxtomin A, a Phytotoxin Produced by Streptomyces scabies Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 1998; 64(11): 4313 - 4316. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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