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1University of Dublin, School of Dental Science, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
2University of Dublin, The Moyne Institute, Department of Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
3Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology, London W6 8RF, UK
ABSTRACT
Summary: Atypical oral Candida isolates were recovered from 60 HIV-infected and three HIV-negative individuals. These organisms were germ-tube-positive and produced abundant chlamydospores which were frequently arranged in triplets or in contiguous pairs. They belonged to C. albicans serotype A and had atypical carbohydrate assimilation profiles. Fingerprinting the genomic DNA of a selection of these organisms with the C. albicans-specific probe 27A and five separate oligonucleotides, homologous to eukaryotic microsatellite repeat sequences, demonstrated that they had a very distinct genomic organization compared to C. albicans and C. stellatoidea. This was further established by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and karyotype analysis. Comparison of 500 bp of the V3 variable region of the large ribosomal subunit genes from nine atypical isolates and the corresponding sequences determined from C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. kefyr and C. krusei showed that the atypical organisms formed a homogeneous cluster (100% similarity) that was significantly different from the other Candida species analysed, but was most closely related to C. albicans and C. stellatoidea. These genetic data combined with the phenotypic characteristics of these atypical organisms strongly suggest that they constitute a novel species within the genus Candida for which the name Candida dubliniensis is proposed.
4Author for correspondence: David C. Coleman. Tel: +353 1 6081814. Fax: +353 1 6799294. e-mail: dcoleman@mail.tcd.ie
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K. C. Hazen, J. G. Wu, and J. Masuoka Comparison of the Hydrophobic Properties of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Infect. Immun., February 1, 2001; 69(2): 779 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ruhnke, A. Schmidt-Westhausen, and J. Morschhauser Development of simultaneous resistance to fluconazole in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis in a patient with AIDS J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2000; 46(2): 291 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F. G. M. Meis, F. M. Verduyn Lunel, P. E. Verweij, A. Voss;, and D. Coleman One-Year Prevalence of Candida dublinienis in a Dutch University Hospital J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2000; 38(8): 3139 - 3140. [Full Text]
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W. K. Leung, R. S. Dassanayake, J. Y. Y. Yau, L. J. Jin, W. C. Yam, and L. P. Samaranayake Oral Colonization, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Profiles of Candida Species in Irradiated, Dentate, Xerostomic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2000; 38(6): 2219 - 2226. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. A. Jabra-Rizk, W. A. Falkler Jr., W. G. Merz, A. A. M. A. Baqui, J. I. Kelley, and T. F. Meiller Retrospective Identification and Characterization of Candida dubliniensis Isolates among Candida albicans Clinical Laboratory Isolates from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Individuals J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2000; 38(6): 2423 - 2426. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. R. Soll The Ins and Outs of DNA Fingerprinting the Infectious Fungi Clin. Microbiol. Rev., April 1, 2000; 13(2): 332 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Sugita, M. Takashima, R. Ikeda, T. Nakase, and T. Shinoda Intraspecies Diversity of Cryptococcus laurentii as Revealed by Sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and 28S rRNA Gene and Taxonomic Position of C. laurentii Clinical Isolates J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2000; 38(4): 1468 - 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Tintelnot, G. Haase, M. Seibold, F. Bergmann, M. Staemmler, T. Franz, and D. Naumann Evaluation of Phenotypic Markers for Selection and Identification of Candida dubliniensis J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2000; 38(4): 1599 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Posteraro, M. Sanguinetti, L. Masucci, L. Romano, G. Morace, and G. Fadda Reverse Cross Blot Hybridization Assay for Rapid Detection of PCR-Amplified DNA from Candida Species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Clinical Samples J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2000; 38(4): 1609 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 M. P. Sweeney and J. Bagg The mouth and palliative care American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, March 1, 2000; 17(2): 118 - 124. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Marot-Leblond, L. Grimaud, S. Nail, S. Bouterige, V. Apaire-Marchais, D. J. Sullivan, and R. Robert New Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Candida albicans Germ Tube J. Clin. Microbiol., January 1, 2000; 38(1): 61 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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I. Polacheck, J. Strahilevitz, D. Sullivan, S. Donnelly, I. F. Salkin, and D. C. Coleman Recovery of Candida dubliniensis from Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Israel J. Clin. Microbiol., January 1, 2000; 38(1): 170 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 A.N.B. Ellepola and L.P. Samaranayake Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 2000; 11(2): 172 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. C. Gales, M. A. Pfaller, A. K. Houston, S. Joly, D. J. Sullivan, D. C. Coleman, and D. R. Soll Identification of Candida dubliniensis Based on Temperature and Utilization of Xylose and alpha -Methyl-D-Glucoside as Determined with the API 20C AUX and Vitek YBC Systems J. Clin. Microbiol., December 1, 1999; 37(12): 3804 - 3808. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. H. Pincus, D. C. Coleman, W. R. Pruitt, A. A. Padhye, I. F. Salkin, M. Geimer, A. Bassel, D. J. Sullivan, M. Clarke, and V. Hearn Rapid Identification of Candida dubliniensis with Commercial Yeast Identification Systems J. Clin. Microbiol., November 1, 1999; 37(11): 3533 - 3539. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. A. Jabra-Rizk, W. A. Falkler Jr., W. G. Merz, J. I. Kelley, A. A. M. A. Baqui, and T. F. Meiller Coaggregation of Candida dubliniensis with Fusobacterium nucleatum J. Clin. Microbiol., May 1, 1999; 37(5): 1464 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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O. Kurzai, W. J. Heinz, D. J. Sullivan, D. C. Coleman, M. Frosch, and F. A. Mühlschlegel Rapid PCR Test for Discriminating between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Isolates Using Primers Derived from the pH-Regulated PHR1 and PHR2 Genes of C. albicans J. Clin. Microbiol., May 1, 1999; 37(5): 1587 - 1590. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Joly, C. Pujol, M. Rysz, K. Vargas, and D. R. Soll Development and Characterization of Complex DNA Fingerprinting Probes for the Infectious Yeast Candida dubliniensis J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 1999; 37(4): 1035 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, S. Gee, S. Joly, C. Pujol, D. J. Sullivan, D. C. Coleman, and D. R. Soll In Vitro Susceptibilities of Candida dubliniensis Isolates Tested against the New Triazole and Echinocandin Antifungal Agents J. Clin. Microbiol., March 1, 1999; 37(3): 870 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. A. Jabra-Rizk, A. A. M. A. Baqui, J. I. Kelley, W. A. Falkler Jr., W. G. Merz, and T. F. Meiller Identification of Candida dubliniensis in a Prospective Study of Patients in the United States J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 1999; 37(2): 321 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. J. McCullough, K. V. Clemons, and D. A. Stevens Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Genotypic Candida albicans Subgroups and Comparison with Candida dubliniensis and Candida stellatoidea J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 1999; 37(2): 417 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. W. Taylor, D. M. Geiser, A. Burt, and V. Koufopanou The Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Underlying Fungal Strain Typing Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 1999; 12(1): 126 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Elie, T. J. Lott, E. Reiss, and C. J. Morrison Rapid Identification of Candida Species with Species-Specific DNA Probes J. Clin. Microbiol., November 1, 1998; 36(11): 3260 - 3265. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. C. Odds, L. Van Nuffel, and G. Dams Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis Isolates in a Yeast Stock Collection J. Clin. Microbiol., October 1, 1998; 36(10): 2869 - 2873. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Bikandi, R. S. Millán, M. D. Moragues, G. Cebas, M. Clarke, D. C. Coleman, D. J. Sullivan, G. Quindós, and J. Pontón Rapid Identification of Candida dubliniensis by Indirect Immunofluorescence Based on Differential Localization of Antigens on C. dubliniensis Blastospores and Candida albicans Germ Tubes J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 1998; 36(9): 2428 - 2433. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Metzgar, A. van Belkum, D. Field, R. Haubrich, and C. Wills Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA and Microsatellite Genotyping of Pre- and Posttreatment Isolates of Candida spp. from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients on Different Fluconazole Regimens J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 1998; 36(8): 2308 - 2313. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Miyazaki, Y. Miyazaki, A. Geber, T. Parkinson, C. Hitchcock, D. J. Falconer, D. J. Ward, K. Marsden, and J. E. Bennett Fluconazole Resistance Associated with Drug Efflux and Increased Transcription of a Drug Transporter Gene, PDH1, in Candida glabrata Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 1998; 42(7): 1695 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. P. Moran, D. Sanglard, S. M. Donnelly, D. B. Shanley, D. J. Sullivan, and D. C. Coleman Identification and Expression of Multidrug Transporters Responsible for Fluconazole Resistance in Candida dubliniensis Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 1998; 42(7): 1819 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. Pinjon, D. Sullivan, I. Salkin, D. Shanley, and D. Coleman Simple, Inexpensive, Reliable Method for Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 1998; 36(7): 2093 - 2095. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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