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Published online ahead of print on 30 April 2009 as doi:10.1099/mic.0.027763-0
Microbiology 2009;155:2235.

Microbiology (2009), DOI 10.1099/mic.0.027763-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology
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Microbiology 0 (2009), mic.0.027763; DOI  10.1099/mic.0.027763-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology

Identification of novel Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector proteins through translocation analysis of hrpB-regulated gene products

Takafumi Mukaihara1 and Naoyuki Tamura

Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama RIBS

ABSTRACT

The Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS) is essential for the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum on host plants. Hrp TTSS is a specialized secretion system that injects virulence proteins, the so-called type III effector proteins, into plant cells. In R. solanacearum, the expression of Hrp TTSS-related genes is regulated by an AraC-type transcriptional activator, HrpB. We have identified thirty hrpB-regulated hpx (hrpB-dependent expression) genes and three well-known hrpB-regulated genes, popA, popB and popC, as candidate effector genes in R. solanacearum strain RS1000. In this study, we newly cloned 11 additional candidate effector genes that share homology with known hpx genes from R. solanacearum RS1000. Using a Cya reporter system, we investigated the translocation of these 44 gene products in total into plant cells via the Hrp TTSS and identified 34 effector proteins. These include three effector families composed of more than four members, namely, the Hpx4, Hpx30 and GALA families. The Hpx30 family effectors are 2,200-2,500 amino acids in size and appears to be the largest class of effector proteins among animal and plant pathogenic bacteria. Members of this family contain 12~18 tandem repeats of a novel 42-amino-acid motif, designated as SKWP repeats.

1 E-mail: mukaihara{at}bio-ribs.com






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